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BLOCK - 6
ENGLAND UNDER STUARTS
UNIT - 1
CHARLES 1
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
ANS. 1. Name the last Tudor monarch in England.
Ans. Elizabeth first
2. What was the theory propagated by James I to assert his dominance over the
parliament?
Ans. Divine right theory of kingship
3. Who was the author of the book Basilikon Doron?
Ans. James 1
4. Which were the two custom duties given to the kings in Medieval England?
Ans.tonnage and poundage
5. Whose rule in England was called Eleven Years Tyranny?
Ans.charles 1
6. When was the Short parliament summoned?
Ans.1640
7. Which act curtailed the power of the monarch to suspend the parliament at
his own will?
Ans.triennial act
8. Who were known as roundheads?
Ans.the supporters of parliament
9. Who were the commanders who led the New Model Army of Parliament in
civil wars?
Ans.sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell
10. In which battle of the civil war was Charles II finally defeated?
Ans. Battle of dunbar in 1650
1.discuss the causes behind the outbreak of civil war In England
Ans. The civil war in Britain was fought in two
phases. The first civil war was fought between
1642-1646, and the second and third civil
wars were fought between 1848 and 1651.
The peace concluded between the king, and
the Parliament was short-lived. However, the
attempt of the king to raise an army against the
Irish revolt was looked upon with suspicion
by the Parliament.
The Civil war in Britain also was called
the Great Rebellion. It is considered to have
started in 1642 when the King ordered his
army to arrest five troublesome members of
the Parliament who managed to escape the
arrest. Foreseeing a civil war, some of the
peacemakers tried to restore relations with
the King in 1643. Since the attempt failed the Parliamentarians joined hands with the
Scottish Presbyterians. By 1645, the country
was plunged into a civil war with the Royal
Army, the city dwellers supporting the
Parliament and the rural population backing
the king. The Parliament army was the well-
trained New Model Army formed in 1645,
commanded by Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver
Cromwell.
The supporters of the Parliament were
called the Roundheads, also known as
Parliamentarians and the supporters of the
king were called Cavaliers or Royalists.
There was a long row of defeats for the king's
army by the end of the 1640s. Though the
King tried to escape, he was placed under
close guard and was tried in 1649 for treason.
He was sentenced to death and was executed
on January 30, 1949. The death of Charles I
had a galvanising effect on Irish and Scottish
supporters. They extended their support to
Charles However, the Scottish army, who
supported Charles II, was defeated at the
Battle of Dunbar in 1650. Another attempt
made by the Scottish army in 1651 to capture
London was defeated by Oliver Cromwell.
Charles II thereupon fled to France. It ended
the civil war between the three kingdoms of
Ireland, Scotland and England, leaving control
to Oliver Cromwell, the Protector. The civil
war in England also caused heavy casualties
in the economy and population.
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